Digital initiatives in higher education & ICT and Governance

 

Digital initiatives in higher education & ICT and Governance

 

Digital Initiative in Higher Education Through NMEICT

The aim to raise the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in the higher education including vocational education from 26.3% (2018) to 50 % by 2035, and the quest to enhance the quality of education would require a large-scale expansion of the high-quality education opportunities.

1.    Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds (SWAYAM): SWAYAM is an indigenous (Made in India) IT Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Platform for providing best quality education that can be accessed by anyone, anytime and anywhere using the IT system.  All the courses delivered through SWAYAM are available free of cost to the learners, however students wanting certifications shall be registered, shall be offered a certificate on successful completion of the course, with a little fee.

Important Points:

Ø The Concept of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) involves online delivery of interactive learning content to large number of people simultaneously. It allows sharing of best quality education with everyone, thereby bringing in equity as far as the quality of education is concerned.

Ø  It is developed by Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) with the help of Microsoft.

Ø Its ultimately capable of hosting 2000 courses and 80000 hours of learning: covering school, under-graduate, post-graduate, engineering, law and other professional courses.

Ø  More than 1,000 specially chosen faculty and teachers from across the Country have participated in preparing these courses.

Ø At present, the Credits up to 20% of the total courses can only be earned in a Semester by such students through online learning delivered on SWAYAM platform.

Courses under SWAYAM would be available in the following levels: For each level, there is a National Coordinator, who would be responsible for the quality of content:

·       Out of school Children: for classes 9th to 12th (National Coordinator: National Open School Society: NIOS

·        School children in classes 9th to 12th (National Coordinator: NCERT)

·       Undergraduate (non-engineering) courses (National Coordinator: CEC)

·       Post graduate (non-engineering) courses (National Coordinator: UGC)

·       Engineering Courses (National Coordinator: IIT Madras)

·       Management Courses (National Coordinator: IIM Bangalore)

·       Out of college students (National Coordinator: IGNOU)

·       Teaching the teachers (National Coordinator: NITTER Chennai)

There are 4 quadrants in the MOOC pedagogy:

      I.          Video tutorials covering a whole course – normally having about 20 hours of instruction in series of lectures, each lecture not exceeding 30 minutes.

   II.          E-Content: reading material that could add to the learning imparted through the video tutorials.

 III.          Self-Assessment: Quizzes/assignments that intersperse the course

IV.           Discussion forum for posting queries

 

2.    SWAYAM Prabha: the 32 Educational DTH Channels: The SWAYAM PRABHA is a group of 32 DTH channels devoted to telecasting of highquality educational programmes on 24X7 basis using the GSAT-15 satellite. Every day, there will be new content for at least (4) hours which would be repeated 5 more times in a day, allowing the students to choose the time of their convenience. The channels are uplinkeded from BISAG, Gandhinagar. The contents are provided by NPTEL, IITs, UGC, CEC, IGNOU, NCERT and NIOS. The INFLIBNET Centre maintains the web portal.

 

3.    National Digital Library (NDL): NDL is the Single Window Platform that collects and collates metadata from premier learning institutions in India and abroad, as well as other relevant sources. It is a digital repository containing textbooks, articles, videos, audio books, lectures, simulations, fiction and all other kinds of learning media. It aims to collect, preserve and disseminate entire intellectual output of our country and provide online access from school level to post graduate level, including technical education. 

 

 

 

Importance points

Ø There are more than 72 lakh digital books available through the NDL. The contents cover almost all major domains of education and all major levels of learners from school level to the highest level of education including life-long learners

Ø More than 15 lakh students have registered themselves in the NDL. The NDL is available through a mobile app too.

 

4.    National Academic Depository: NAD is a Unique, Innovative and Progressive initiative under “Digital India” theme towards achieving Digital enablement of the Education Records. NAD aspires to make the vision of Digital Academic Certificates for every Indian a reality

5.    Shodh Sindhu: More than 15,000 international electronic journals and e-books are made available to all the higher educational institutions through the e shodh Sindhu initiative. This allows access to be best education resources in the world using digital mode.

6.    Virtual Labs: Over 205 virtual labs in 9 Engineering & Science disciplines, comprising about 1515 experiments are operational and currently being accessed by more than 6 lakh students.  website- http://www.vlab.co.in/

7.    e-Yantra: eYantra is creating skills by setting up lab infrastructure for project based learning and training teachers in these 100 engineering colleges. web-site: www.eyantra.org

8.    Campus Connectivity: The Mission also aims to provide 20 Broadband connections of 512 Kbps speed to over 25,000 colleges and 2000 polytechnics and optical fiber connectivity one Gbps to 419 universities/ university level institutions in the country which includes internet facility. On the lines of ‘Digital India’ initiative of the PMO, the MHRD has now decided that the campuses of Universities, (having 1 Gbps bandwidth) shall be made WiFi enabled campus. Already all the IITs, IIMs, and NITs have established WiFi campuses.

9.    Talk to a Teacher: Talk to a Teacher developed by IIT Bombay, is an initiative of the National Mission on Education through ICT, funded by MHRD to provide free access to a few selected graduate and postgraduate courses, taught at IIT Bombay by distinguished faculty members and scholars at large. Apart from the core courses in engineering and computer science disciplines, the program also covers Humanities & Social Sciences discipline. More than 80,000 teachers have been trained, so far, under this project, involving synchronous delivery of courses from IIT Mumbai & IIT Kharagpur.

10. Ask A Question: Ask A Question is a unique platform through which students from science and engineering colleges all over India can ask questions and faculty from IIT Bombay answers them. Students can ask questions either through an online forum or during an interactive live session. Interactive live sessions are held on every Thursday from 4:00 P.M to 5:00 P.M in the field of Electrical Engineering and every Friday from 4:00 P.M to 5:00 P.M in the field of Physics.

11. e-Acharya: e-Acharya also called ‘Integrated e-Content Portal’ of NMEICT, is the official repository of NMEICT e-content and all content produced under NMEICT is being put at this Repository platform at INFILIBNET Centre Gandhinagar, so to apply basic tenets of preservation for digital content, implement standard Metadata schema of different types for the digital content and ensure their long-term availability.

12. E-Kalpa: As on December 2015, the content of e-Kalpa website named “D’source” includes 160 Courses on Design Learning in different domains, more than 400 Resources in the form of fine examples of Design and crafts, 110 Case studies of Design Projects undertaken by professionals and design students, 50 Video lectures and presentations by subjects experts and 600 examples of a visual Gallery that has documented works of the rich tradition of art and design seen across different regions of India.

13. The Free and Open Source Software for Education (FOSSEE): FOSSEE project sanctioned to IIT Bombay has been promoting use of open source software in educational institutions. It does through instructional material, such as spoken tutorials, documentation, such as textbook companions, awareness programmes, such as conferences, training workshops, and Internships. Textbook Companion (TBC) is a collection of code for solved examples of standard textbooks. About 2,000 college students and teachers have participated in this activity & close to 1,000 TBCs have been created in Sci lab and Python alone. website: http://fossee.in

14. e-Vidwan: The ‘Information and Library Network’ (INFLIBNET) Centre took the initiative called “Vidwan: Expert Database and National Researcher’s Network” with the financial support from NMEICT. Main objective is that collect academic and research profiles of scientists, faculty and research scientists working in leading academic and R&D organizations in India and abroad;

15. Spoken Tutorial: Spoken Tutorial is a multi-award-winning educational content portal. Here one can learn various Free and Open-Source Software all by oneself. Our self-paced, multilingual courses ensure that anybody with a computer and a desire for learning, can learn from any place, at any time and in a language of their choice. Spoken Tutorial Forums is a friendly online discussion forum. You can join existing discussions or start new topics, and get lots of replies from the Spoken Tutorial community. Registration to Forums is completely free and takes only one minute.

Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme of Government of India (TEQIP)

 

PMMMNMTT- Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya National Mission on Teachers & Teaching Envisaged to address all issues related to teachers, teacher preparation, teaching, and their professional development comprehensively. The Mission caters current and urgent issues- supply of the qualified teachers, fetching talent into the teaching profession and raising the quality of teaching at schools and colleges level. Also building a strong professional cadre of a quality teacher with performance standards.

       RUSA: Rastriya Uchchtar Shiksha Abhiyan. It is the Centrally Sponsored Scheme planned by the      Central Government has to implement -the strategic funding, reforms, and improvements in the Higher Education sector at the state level. It is established in 2013.

 

ICT and Governance

e-Governance is basically associated with carrying out the functions and achieving the results of governance through the utilization of ICT (Information and Communications Technology). In this century where almost, everything has been made electronic like e-commerce, e-service, e-learning, etc. the Indian government is also trying to go with the wave and wants to govern through ICT. e-governance needs the help of ICT services to achieve their objective anytime and anywhere.

Objectives:

Ø The major objective of e-governance is to support and simplify governance for all the government agents, citizens and businesses.

Ø e-governance also means e-democracy where all forms of communications between the electorate and the electoral happen electronically or digitally.

Types of Government Interaction in e-governance.

Ø G2G: Government to Government: File movement across the departments quick search and retrieval of files and office orders, digital signatures for authentication, forms and reporting components etc.

Ø  G2C: Government to Citizen: To strengthen the relationship between government and citizens using technology by using different digital mode like Bharat Bill Pay, Passport Seva Kendra, online mode exams, PAN Service, IRCTC, e-panchayat, e-court, etc.

Ø  G2B: Government to Business To strengthen the relationship between government and business companies by digital mode like:  e-tender, GST, e-Marketplace, etc

Ø  G2E: Government to Employee:   Empowering their own employees to assist citizens in the fastest and most appropriate way, speed-up administrative processes, and optimize governmental solutions by digital mode.  Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana , The EPF-EPS model- EPFO & provident funds, etc

 

Nine Pillars of   Digital India

1.    Broadband highways – To support Broadband for all Rural, Broadband for all Urban & National Information infrastructure.

2.    Universal access to mobile connectivity- For providing coverage to uncovered villages with mobile connectivity

3.    Public internet access programme- This has two important sub components 1. CSCs- Aims to cover each gram panchayat to provide delivery of e-services to the citizens 2. Post-Office- To be converted into multi service centres.

4.    e-governance – Reforming government through technology

Ø Online applications and tracking – Online applications and tracking of their status should be provided.

Ø Online repositories – Use of online repositories e.g. for certificates, educational degrees, identity documents, etc. should be mandated so that citizens are not required to submit these documents in physical form

Ø  Integration of services and platforms – Integration of services and platforms e.g. Aadhaar platform of Unique Identity Authority of India (UIDAI), payment gateway, Mobile Seva platform, sharing of data through open Application Programming Interfaces (API) and middleware such as National and State Service Delivery Gateways (NSDG/SSDG) should be mandated to facilitate integrated and interoperable service delivery to citizens and businesses.

5.    e-kranti – electronic delivery of services-There is 44 Mission Mode Projects under e-Kranti programme. These mission mode projects are grouped into Central, State and Integrated projects.  

6.     Information for all- Open Data platform, Social Media Engagement and Online Messaging

7.    Electronics manufacturing- promoting electronics manufacturing in the country. 

8.    IT for jobs- This pillar focuses on providing training to the youth in the skills required for availing employment opportunities in the IT/ITES sector.

9.    Early harvest programmes- Early Harvest Programme basically consists of those projects which are to be implemented within short timeline. Such as Biometric attendance, Wi-Fi in public places, secure email, SMS based alerts.

 

QUESTIONS

1.    If the binary equivalent of the decimal number 48 is 110000, then the binary equivalent of the decimal number 51 is given by  (1) 110011 (2) 110010  (3) 110001 (4) 110100

यदि दशमलव संख्या 48 का बाइनरी समतुल्य 110000 है, तो दशमलव संख्या 51 का बाइनरी समतुल्य (1) 110011 (2) 110010 (3) 110001 (4) 110100 है

2.    Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE ? 

 S1 : The decimal number 11 is larger than the hexadecimal number 11. 

 S2 : In the binary number 1110.101, the fractional part has the decimal value as 0.625.  (1) S1 only (2) S2 only  (3) Both S1 and S2 (4) Neither S1 nor S2

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सत्य है? S1: दशमलव संख्या 11 हेक्साडेसिमल संख्या 11 से बड़ा है।

S2: बाइनरी नंबर 1110.101 में, आंशिक भाग में दशमलव मान 0.625 है। (१) S1 केवल (२) S2 केवल (३) S1 और S२ (४) न तो S1 और न ही S2

 

3.    Symbols A-F are used in which one of the following ?   (A) Binary number system   (B) Decimal number system   (C) Hexadecimal number system  (D) Octal number system

प्रतीक A-F का उपयोग निम्नलिखित में से किसमें किया जाता है? (ए) बाइनरी नंबर सिस्टम (बी) दशमलव संख्या प्रणाली (सी) हेक्साडेसिमल नंबर सिस्टम (डी) ऑक्टल नंबर सिस्टम

 

 

4.      MOOCs stands for    (1) Media Online Open Courses   (2) Massachusetts Open Online Courses    (3) Massive Open Online Courses     (4) Myrind Open Online Courses

MOOCs का मतलब  (1) Media Online Open Courses   (2) Massachusetts Open Online Courses    (3) Massive Open Online Courses     (4) Myrind Open Online Courses

 

5.    Programs designed  to perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources are  called ? 1) operating system  2) helper software  3) system software  4) application software 

6.    Which of the following is a characteristic of  Web2.0 applications?  (1) Multiple users schedule their time to use Web2.0 applications one by one.  (2) Web2.0 applications are focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online.  (3) Web2.0 applications provide users with content rather than facilitating users to create it.  (4) Web2.0 applications use only static pages.

निम्नलिखित में से कौन वेब 2.0 अनुप्रयोगों की विशेषता है? (1) कई उपयोगकर्ता एक-एक करके Web2.0 अनुप्रयोगों का उपयोग करने के लिए अपना समय निर्धारित करते हैं। (२) वेब २.० अनुप्रयोग लोगों को ऑनलाइन जानकारी साझा करने और साझा करने की क्षमता पर केंद्रित हैं। (3) Web2.0 एप्लिकेशन उपयोगकर्ताओं को इसे बनाने के लिए सुविधा प्रदान करने के बजाए सामग्री प्रदान करते हैं। (4) Web2.0 अनुप्रयोग केवल स्थैतिक पृष्ठों का उपयोग करते हैं।

 

7.    The binary 110010 equivalent of the decimal number  is ?  (1) 50 (2) 48  (3) 60 (4) 30

दशमलव संख्या के बराबर बाइनरी 110010 है? (१) 50 (२) 48  (३) 60(४) 30

8.    Hexadecimal 5BC   equivalent   to the decimal number is ?   (1) 1468 (2) 1568   (3) 46811 (4) 510

 हेक्साडेसिमल 5BC दशमलव संख्या के बराबर है? (1) 1468 (2) 1568 (3) 46811 (4) 510

9.    System flowcharts show: (1) Relationship that link the input, processing and output of the system (2) Evaluate and describe internal control within the process (3) Illustrate the sequence of logical operations performed by a computer while executing a program (4) Depict the arrangement of hardware components in a computer

सिस्टम फ़्लोचार्ट दिखाते हैं: (1) संबंध जो सिस्टम के इनपुट, प्रोसेसिंग और आउटपुट को लिंक करते हैं (2) प्रक्रिया के भीतर आंतरिक नियंत्रण का मूल्यांकन और वर्णन करते हैं (3) किसी प्रवाह  प्रोग्राम को निष्पादित करते समय कंप्यूटर द्वारा किए गए तार्किक संचालन के अनुक्रम का वर्णन करें (4) एक कंप्यूटर में हार्डवेयर घटकों की व्यवस्था पर निर्भर करता है

 

10. A database management system (DBMS) is a …..1) hardware system used to create, maintain and provide controlled access to a database 2) hardware system used to create , maintain and provide uncontrolled access to a database 3) software system used to create , maintain and provide  un-controlled access to a database 4) software system used to create ,maintain and provide controlled access to a database

एक डेटाबेस प्रबंधन प्रणाली (DBMS) एक… .. 1) एक डेटाबेस के लिए नियंत्रित पहुंच बनाने, बनाए रखने और प्रदान करने के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली हार्डवेयर प्रणाली है 2) एक हार्डवेयर  के लिए अनियंत्रित पहुंच बनाने, बनाए रखने और प्रदान करने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाने वाला हार्डवेयर सिस्टम  3) सॉफ्टवेयर सिस्टम डेटाबेस  के लिए नियंत्रित प्रणाली बनाने, बनाए रखने और प्रदान करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है 4) डेटाबेस के लिए नियंत्रित पहुंच बनाने, बनाए रखने और प्रदान करने के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली सॉफ्टवेयर प्रणाली

 

11. Which  is the correct  about virus and worm?---1) A worm has the  ability to self  program from an infected user’s computer to other computers  2) A worm is usually written by a cracker. Script bunnies do not have the skills to develop a worm program 3) A virus is very harmful to the computer it infects ;  a worm is not a serious a problem  4) Anti- virus software is effective in fighting viruses but not worms 

वायरस और कृमि के बारे में कौन सा सही है? --- 1) एक कृमि में संक्रमित उपयोगकर्ता के कंप्यूटर से दूसरे कंप्यूटरों पर स्वयं प्रोग्राम करने की क्षमता होती है 2) एक कीड़ा आमतौर पर पटाखा द्वारा लिखा जाता है। स्क्रिप्ट बर्नियों में कृमि कार्यक्रम विकसित करने का कौशल नहीं होता है 3) एक वायरस कंप्यूटर के लिए बहुत हानिकारक है जिसे वह संक्रमित करता है; एक कीड़ा एक गंभीर समस्या नहीं है 4) एंटी वायरस सॉफ्टवेयर वायरस से लड़ने में कारगर है लेकिन कीड़े नहीं

12. What is meaning of G2C  : (1)  Government to Citizen (2)  Government to commander      (3)  general to civilian       (4)  None of the Above

G2C का क्या अर्थ है: (1)  Government to Citizen (2)  Government to commander     (3)  general to civilian       (4) उपरोक्त में से कोई नहीं 

13. In which year Digital India mission started?

 (1)2014    (2)  2015    (3)  2016     (4) 2017

डिजिटल इंडिया मिशन किस वर्ष में शुरू हुआ?

 (1) 2014 (2) 2015 (3) 2016 (4) 2017

 

14. How much of the total courses can only be earned in a Semester by such students through online learning delivered on SWAYAM platform.

(1) 30% (2)  20%    (3)  40%   (4) 10%

 

SWAYAM प्लेटफॉर्म पर ऑनलाइन सीखने के माध्यम से ऐसे छात्रों द्वारा कुल पाठ्यक्रमों में से कितना केवल एक सेमेस्टर में अर्जित किया जा सकता है।

(1) 30% (2) 20% (3) 40% (4) 10%

 

15.  How much % the aim to raise the Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) in the higher education including vocational education by 2035?  (1) 40% (2)  50%    (3)  30%   (4) 26%

2035 तक व्यावसायिक शिक्षा सहित उच्च शिक्षा में सकल नामांकन अनुपात (GER) बढ़ाने का लक्ष्य कितना% है? (1) 40% (2) 50% (3) 30% (4) 26%

 

16. The ‘Information and Library Network’ (INFLIBNET) Centre took the initiative called?   (1) e-Vidwan  (2) e- Gyan     (3) e-vision (4) e-governance

सूचना और पुस्तकालय नेटवर्क ’(INFLIBNET) केंद्र ने किसके लिए पहल की?

 (1) e-Vidwan  (2) e- Gyan     (3) e-vision (4) e-governance

 

17. Talk to a Teacher online portal developed by ?  1)       IIT Delhi     2)IIT Khargpur   3)IIT Mumbai    4) IIT Guwahati  

 एक शिक्षक ऑनलाइन पोर्टल द्वारा विकसित बात करें? 1) IIT दिल्ली 2) IIT खड़गपुर 3) IIT मुंबई 4) IIT गुवाहाटी

18. How many Educational DTH Channels are working under SWAYAM Prabha:    कितने शेक्षणिक DTH Channels, SWAYAM Prabha के अंतर्गत काम कर रहा है ?      (1) 32  (2) 22   (3)  34  (4) None of the Above

19.   SWAYAM  Stands for 

  SWAYAM  विस्तार क्या है?

 (1)  Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds  (2) Study  wise  of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds    (3)  Study Webs of Access  Learning for Young Aspiring Minds   (4) Smart  Webs of Active Learning  for Young Aspiring Minds  

20. In which year RUSA started?   RUSA किस  वर्ष  हुआ ?

 

 (1)2010   (2)  2013   (3)  2014     (4) 2015