QUESTIONS
1. A distinctive feature insisted in
experimental design in research is : (1) Cause and effect relationship (2)
Control of intervening variables (3) Complex statistical treatment of data (4) Manipulation of independent variable
2.
The
main difference between ‘Laboratory Experiment’ and ‘Field Experiment’ is in :
(1) Precision in measurement of variables (2) Degree of
control of extraneous variables (3) Use of data analysis techniques (4)
Application of research instruments
3. If two variables X and Y have
significant negative correlation, which of the following statement is true ?
(1) X causes variation in Y (2) Y causes variation in X (3) X and Y vary together (4) None of these
4. In a laboratory experiment, which of
the following operations is most important? (1) Arranging the laboratory (2)
Selecting the site (3) Controlling the variables (4)
Manipulating the variables
5. F-test is used when (1) two independent
groups are to be compared (2) two correlated groups are to be compared (3) more
than two independent groups are to be compared (4) more
than two dependent or independent groups are to be compared
6. “While assessing the attitude of
administrators towards a ‘women empowerment programme’, a researcher had no
preconceived notions about what she might discover, and she continued
interviewing until key themes emerge”. Indicate the paradigm of research being
followed : (1) Ethnographic study approach (2) Grounded
theory approach (3) Phenomenological study approach (4) Case study
approach
7. For the purpose of highlighting the
characteristics of a particular group of children, which of the following may
be considered as the primary source ?
(1) A review of research published in
the last 5 years (2) A critical explanation of the psychological characteristics
of children suffering from Autism
(3) Findings of case
studies of a group of children with Autism
(4) List of books on special education
8.
Match the type of research given in List - I
with the description provided in List - II and select appropriate code :
List - I List –
II
(Type of research) (Description)
(a) Naturalistic inquiry (i) analytical description of social
group related to
the shared beliefs, practices and
behaviours
(b) Phenomenological research (ii)
sophisticated analysis which links
participant perception
(c) Ethnographic research (iii)
designed to aid and assess the merit and worth
of a specific practice in terms of the values
(d) Grounded theory research (iv) analysis of qualitative data to provide
an
understanding of a concept
from the
participant’s perspective
(v) prefer inductive reasoning from grass roots
observation and
discovery with an emergent design
Code :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (iii) (i) (v) (ii)
(2) (ii) (iii) (i) (v)
(3) (i) (iv) (v) (ii)
(4) (v) (iv) (i) (ii)
9. F-test is used when (1) two
independent groups are to be compared (2) two correlated groups are to be
compared (3) more than two independent groups are to be compared (4) more than two dependent or independent groups are to be
compared
10.
Which
of the following is a distribution-free statistic? (1) t-test (2) F-test (3)
Pearson’s ‘r’ co-efficient (4) Chi-square test
11.A group of 10 students was randomly
drawn from Class 12 and was given yoga training for three weeks. Their wellness
life style was compared with another similarly selected group which did not
undergo such training. Which type of statistical test will be appropriate for
testing the tenability of Null Hypothesis ? (1)
Independent t-test (2) Dependent t-test (3) Wilcoxon T-test (4) Sign
test
12.The percentile rank of a student on a test was found to be
67. This means that : (1) the student scored 67% marks. (2) 33% students scored
below his score. (3) 67% students scored above his score. (4) 67% students scored below his score.
13.A college librarian plans the purchase of books keeping in
view the demand of different books among students. Which of the following
measures of central tendency would be suitable for this purpose? (1) Mean (2)
Median (3) Mode (4) Geometric Mean
14.When you read a research article
published in a journal which is not peer reviewed, what aspect of the report
should you be most concerned about ? (1) author’s sincerity and skill in
writing (2) Rigor reflected in reporting the research
(3) length of the report (4) practical importance of the research question
15.Which of the following cannot have a
negative value ? (1) Product moment correlation (2) Partial correlation (3) Multiple correlation (4) Rank difference
correlation
16.Match the items of List - I which
indicates types of reliability with that of List - II which mentains the method
of estimation. Choose correct answer from the code :
List - I List - II
(Type of
Reliability) (Method of
estimation)
(a) Internal consistency (i) Parallel form method
(b) Rational equivalance (ii) Split - half method
(c) Stability (iii) Test - retest method
Code: (a) (b) (c)
(1) (i) (ii) (iii)
(2) (iii) (i) (ii)
(3) (i) (iii) (ii)
(4) (ii) (i) (iii)
17.Kuder Richardson estimate is used to
test (1) Objectivity (2) Reliability (3)
Validity (4) Comprehensivenes
18.A researcher compares two sets of
curricular materials in order to determine which set is more pedagogically
sound. In the study, which of the following factors may act as source of error
? (1) Attrition (2) Content choice bias (3)
History (4) Subject effects
19.T - score transformation
corresponding to a Z - score of −1.5 will be : (1) 55 (2) 50 (3) 45 (4) 35
20.Which of the following decisions will
tend to decrease sampling error ? (1) Obtaining
representative sample (2) Decreasing the sample size (3) Homogeneous
grouping of individuals (4) Possibility of reduction of the sample size
21.A teacher prepares a test for
measuring socially acceptable behaviour of participants in the school programme.
What type of reliability would be considered to be important? (1) Internal
consistency reliability (2) Split-half reliability (3) Equivalent forms
reliability (4) Inter-rater reliability
22.Match the items of List - I which
indicates types of reliability with that of List - II which mentains the method
of estimation. Choose correct answer from the code :
List - I
List - II
(Type of
Reliability) (Method of
estimation)
(a) Internal consistency (i) Parallel form method
(b) Rational equivalance (ii) Split - half method
(c) Stability (iii) Test -
retest method
Code : (a) (b) (c)
(1) (i) (ii) (iii)
(2) (iii) (i) (ii)
(3) (i) (iii) (ii)
(4) (ii) (i) (iii)
23.Match the tools/techniques of
research given in set-I with their characteristics given in Set-II and select
appropriate code.
Set – I
Set – II
(Tools/Techniques) (Characteristics)
(a) Interview (i) Useful instrument for
collecting survey
information.
(b) Discourse
analysis (ii) Development of an
elaborate system of
categories
by preserving essential complexity.
(c) Questionnaire (iii) Flexible tool enabling multi
sensory channels to
be used.
(d) Observation (iv) Explores the organization
of ordinary talk,
explanations or social actions to fit a pattern.
(v) Offers the researcher an opportunity to
gather data from natural settings.
Codes : (a)
(b) (c) (d)
(1) (v) (i) (ii) (iv)
(2) (iii) (iv) (i) (v)
(3) (iii) (v) (ii) (iv)
(4) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
24.Kuder Richardson estimate is used to
test (1) Objectivity (2) Reliability (3)
Validity (4) Comprehensiveness
25. Authenticity of a research finding is its (1)Validity
( 2)Objectivity (3)Originality
(4)All of the above
26. Which technique is generally followed when the
population is finite?
1.Systematic Sampling
Technique
2.Purposive Sampling
Technique
3.Area Sampling
Technique
4.None of the above
27. Lee
develops a scale to measure attitude of young adults towards dressing. The firm
is concerned about reliability and for getting more reliability in answers; the
questions were given to the same person several times who produced different
answers. In this situation, to check reliability, Lee is estimating
1)
Alternative-Form reliability
2)
Test- Retest reliability
3)
Internal Comparisons reliability
4) Scorer reliability
28. Which
type of validity measurement will be good for marketing research, if the
instruments contain a representative sample of the universe of subject matter
of interest?
1) Content validity
2) Concurrent
validity
3) Predictive
validity
4) Construct validity
29.Approaches to sampling commonly used in qualitative research
design are given in Set - I and their characteristics in Set - II. Match Set -
I and Set - II and select appropriate code.
Set - I
Set – II
(Approaches to sampling (Characteristics in qualitative
research)
(a) Extreme case sampling (i) Seeks cases that are typical
(b) Purposive sampling (ii) Seeks cases that are
highly similar to
each other
(c) Snowball sampling (iii) Seeks cases that are
unusual
(iv) Seeks help from participants to
identify
additional participants
(v) Seeks cases according to his/her
judgement about the appropriateness
Code : (a) (b) (c)
(1) (i) (iv) (iii)
(2) (ii) (iv) (i)
(3)
(iii) (v) (iv)
(4) (iv) (ii) (iii)
30.When the population is heterogeneous
which of the following methods will be efficient for a choice of sampling
procedure? (1) Random sampling (2) Systematic sampling (3) Stratified sampling (4) Convenience sampling
31.A researcher compares two sets of
curricular materials in order to determine which set is more pedagogically
sound. In the study, which of the following factors may act as source of error
? (1) Attrition (2) Content choice bias (3)
History (4) Subject effects
32.T - score transformation
corresponding to a Z - score of −1.5 will be : (1) 55 (2) 50 (3) 45 (4) 35
33.Which of the following decisions will
tend to decrease sampling error ? (1) Obtaining
representative sample (2) Decreasing the sample size (3) Homogeneous
grouping of individuals (4) Possibility of reduction of the sample size
34. Match
the items of Set - I with items of Set - II and select the correct code from
the given options.
Set
- I Set -
II
(a)
Nominal Scale (i) Superior
performance in musical events
(b)
Ordinal Scale (ii) Performance scores on a spelling
test
(c) Interval Scale (iii) Listing students
according to participation
in Co-curricular activities
(d)
Ratio Scale (iv) Speed
of students in writing words per minute
Code
: (a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
(2) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
(3) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(4) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
35. In
a negatively skewed curve obtained after testing students, the correct
inference about the difficulty of the test would be : (1)
The test was easy. (2) The test was difficult. (3) The test was neither
easy nor difficulty. (4) No statement about difficulty of the test can be made.
37.The percentile rank of a student on a test was found to be
67. This means that : (1) the student scored 67% marks. (2) 33% students scored
below his score. (3) 67% students scored above his score. (4) 67% students scored below his score.
38.Further, supposing the researcher computes a value of ‘t’ for
testing the significance of the difference between mean achievement of the two
groups and finds that it is statistically significant. What decision would be
warranted on the basis of this evidence? (1) The researcher retains The Null
hypothesis and the research hypothesis as well (2) The
researcher rejects The Null hypothesis and retains the research hypothesis
(3) The researcher rejects both the research hypothesis as well as The Null
hypothesis (4) The researcher accepts The Null hypothesis with no decision on
the research hypothesis
39.The essential element that
differentiates between ‘probability’ and ‘non - probability’ sampling technique
is : (1) Size of the sample (2) Randomness in the
selection of units (3) Nature of the population sampled (4)
Representativeness of the sample
40.Which one of the following is not correctly matched in
the given Set - I and Set – II.
Set - I Set – II
(1) Achievement Test : Content Validity
(2) Aptitude Test : Predictive Validity
(3) Reasoning Test :
Content Validity
(4) Personality Test : Concurrent Validity
41. Which
of the following is characteristic of qualitative research?
1. Generalization
to the population
2. Random
sampling
3. Unique case orientation
4. Standardized
tests and measures
42. Phenomenology has its disciplinary origins in:
1. Philosophy
2. Anthropology
3. Sociology
4. Many
disciplines
43. The primary data analysis approach in
ethnography is:
1. Open,
axial, and selective coding
2. Holistic description and
search for cultural themes
3. Cross-case
analysis
4. Identifying
essences of a phenomenon
44. is the study of human consciousness and
individuals’ experience of some phenomenon.
1. Phenomenology
2. Ethnography
3. Grounded
theory
4. Case
study research
45. Which of the following is a characteristic of
qualitative research?
1. Design
flexibility
2. Inductive analysis
3. Context sensitivity
4.
All of the above
46. In
historical research, the emphasis is on (1) Depicting the events of the past (2)
Depicting the events of the past and present (3) Collecting data from the past
(4) Collecting
and collating data from the past
47. Action research means (1) A longitudinal research (2) An applied
research (3) A research initiated to solve an
immediate problem (4) A research with socioeconomic objective
48.
Fundamental
research aims at 1) Action research 2)
Survey 3) Pilot Survey 4) Pure research
49. Which of the following research types
focuses on ameliorating the prevailing situations ?
(1) Applied Research (2) Action
Research
(3) Experimental Research (4) Fundamental Research
50. Which of the following is susceptible to
the issue of research ethics ?
(1) Faulty research design (2) Choice of sampling
techniques
(3) Reporting of
research findings (4) Inaccurate application of statistical techniques
51. In finalizing a thesis writing format which
of the following would form part of supplementary pages?
(1) Table of contents (2) Conclusions of the study
(3) Bibliography and
Appendices (4) List of tables and figures
52. A researcher intends to explore the effect
of possible factors for the organization of effective mid-day meal
interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for this study
? (1) Historical method (2) Descriptive
survey method (3) Experimental method
(4) Ex-post-facto method
53. Which of the following is an initial mandatory
requirement for pursuing research ? (1)
Developing a research design (2) Formulating a research question (3) Deciding about the data analysis
procedure (4) Formulating a research
hypothesis
54. The
format of thesis writing is the same as in (1) preparation of a research paper/article
(2) writing of seminar presentation (3) a
research dissertation (4) presenting a workshop / conference paper
55. In qualitative research paradigm, which of
the following features may be considered critical? (1) Data collection with standardized
research tools. (2) Sampling design with
probability sample techniques. (3) Data collection with bottom-up empirical evidences. (4) Data gathering to take place with
top-down systematic evidences.
56. In a Ph.D. thesis which one is the correct
sequence for showing scheme of chapterization ?
(1) Survey of related studies, Introduction, Design of the study,
Data-Analysis and interpretation, Conclusions and generalizations, suggested
further study, References, Appendix
(2) Introduction, Design of study, Data Analysis and Interpretation,
Generalizations, Conclusions and Survey of related studies and suggestions for
further research, References and Appendix
(3) Introduction, Survey of related
studies, Design of study, Data-presentation; analysis & Interpretation,
Formulation of generalization & Conclusions, Suggestions for further
research, References & Appendix (4)
Survey of related studies, References, Introduction, Design of study, Data
analysis and interpretation, Conclusions and generalizations, Suggestions for
further research, Appendix
57. Which of the following is not the critical
feature of qualitative research? (1) Actual
settings are the direct source of data.
(2) Data take the forms of words or pictures. (3) Seeking to
establish relationships among measured social facts. (4) Researcher becomes immersed in the
situation, present or past related to the phenomena.
58. A detailed description of methodology of
research is required in
(1) Thesis/Dissertation (2) Symposium/Workshop (3) Seminar paper/Articles (4) Conference and Seminar Papers
59. Research ethics has a direct connection more
often with which stages of research? (1)
Defining and delimiting the scope of research.
(2) Problem formulation and reporting of
research findings. (3) Defining the
population and deciding the sampling technique for research. (4) Deciding about statistical techniques and
data analysis.
60. Research is (1) Searching again and again (2) Finding solution to any
problem (3) Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any
problem (4) None of the above
61. Which of the following is the
first step in starting the research process? (1) Searching
sources of information to locate problem. (2) Survey of
related literature (3) Identification of problem (4) Searching for
solutions to the problem
62. A common test in research
demands much priority on (1) Reliability (2) Usability (3) Objectivity (4) All of the above
63. Which of the following
variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms? (1) Socio-economic Status (2) Marital Status (3) Numerical Aptitude (4) Professional
Attitude
64.
The essential qualities of a researcher are (1) Spirit of
free enquiry (2) Reliance on observation and
evidence(3) Systematization or theorizing of knowledge (4) All the above
65. In the process of conducting
research ‘Formulation of Hypothesis” is followed by (1) Statement of Objectives (2) Analysis of
Data (3) Selection of Research Tools (4) Collection of
Data
66. A research paper is a brief
report of research work based on (1) Primary Data
only (2)
Secondary Data only (3) Both Primary and Secondary Data (4)
None of the above
67. Questionnaire is a : (1) Research method
(2) Measurement technique (3) Tool for data collection (4) Data analysis
technique
68. Which of the following is not a
“Graphic representation” ? (1) Pie Chart (2) Bar Chart (3) Table (4) Histogram
.
69. Random sampling is helpful as
it is 1) Reasonably
accurate 2) Free from personal biases
3) An economical method of data collection 4)
All the above
70. A
blueprint of research work is called (1)
Research problem (2) research design (3)
research tools ( 4) research methods
71. All
surveys are essentially ( 1) Narrative
(2) explanatory (3)interdisciplinary (4) communal
72. Which of the following is not the critical feature of
qualitative research ?
(1) Actual
settings are the direct source of data.
(2) Data take the
forms of words or pictures.
(3) Seeking to establish relationships among measured
social facts.
(4) Researcher
becomes immersed in the situation, present or past related to the
phenomena.
73. There are two sets given below, Set-I consists of
methods of research and Set-II indicates
their procedural
characteristics. Match the two sets and choose your answer from the
codes given below
:
Set – I
(Research
method)
Set – II
(Procedural Characteristics)
a. Experimental
method i. Interventions to ameliorate a given
situation
b. Ex-post facto
method ii.
Explaining patterns of behaviour in
terms of meanings
and their representations which people share.
c. Descriptive
method iii.
Manipulating an independent
variable in
controlled
conditions and measuring its effect on
dependent variables
d. Symbolic
interactionism iv.
Depending on primary and
secondary sources of data.
e. Action
research
v. Obtaining information concerning
the current status of phenomena.
vi. Observing the effect on dependent
variable and
making probes into
factors/variables which explain it.
vii. Exegetic analysis.
Codes
:
a b c
d e
(1) i iii iv v vii
(2) iii iv v vi
vii
(3) i ii iii iv v
(4) iii vi v ii i
74. In doing action research
what is the usual sequence of steps ?
(1) Reflect, observe, plan, act (2) Plan, act, observe, reflect
(3) Plan, reflect, observe, act (4)
Act, observe, plan, reflect
75. Which sequence of research steps is logical in the list given
below ?
(1) Problem formulation, Analysis, Development of Research design, Hypothesis
making, Collection of data, Arriving at generalizations and conclusions.
(2) Development of Research design, Hypothesis making, Problem formulation,
Data
analysis, Arriving at conclusions and data collection.
(3) Problem formulation, Hypothesis
making, Development of a Research design,
Collection of data, Data analysis and formulation of generalizations and
conclusions.
(4) Problem formulation, Deciding about the sample and data collection tools,
Formulation of hypothesis, Collection and interpretation of research evidence.
76. Below are given two sets – research methods (Set-I) and data
collection tools (Set-II).
Match the two sets and indicate your answer by selecting the correct code :
Set – I
(Research Methods
Set – II
(Data
Collection Tools)
a. Experimental method i. Using primary
and secondary sources
b. Ex post-facto method ii. Questionnaire
c. Descriptive survey method iii. Standardized tests
d. Historical
method
iv. Typical characteristic tests
a
b c d
(1) ii i iii iv
(2) iii iv ii i
(3) ii iii i iv
(4) ii iv iii i
77. In which of the following, reporting format is formally
prescribed?
(1) Doctoral level thesis (2)
Conference of researchers
(3) Workshops and seminars (4)
Symposia
78. When planning to do as social research, it is better to
(1) approach the topic with an open mind
(2) do a pilot study before getting stuck into
it
(3) be familiar
with literature on the topic
(4) forget about theory because this is a very
practical
79. The core elements of a dissertation are
(1) Introduction; Data Collection; Data
Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations
(2) Executive
Summary; Literature review; Data gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography
(3) Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis;
References
(4)
Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussion and
Conclusion
80. What is a Research Design ?
(1) A way of conducting research that is not
grounded in theory.
(2) The choice between using qualitative or
quantitative methods.
(3) The style in which you present your
research findings e.g. a graph.
(4) A framework
for every stage of the collection and analysis of data.
81. ‘Sampling Cases’ means
: (1) Sampling using a sampling frame
(2) Identifying people who are suitable for
research (3) Literally the researcher’s
brief case
(4) Sampling of people,
newspapers, television programmes etc.
82. Problem
of research ethics is concerned with which aspect of research activities
?
(1) Evidence based
research reporting (2) Following
the prescribed format of thesis
(3) Data analysis through
qualitative or quantative techniques (4) Defing the population of
research.
83.
“Controlled Group” is a term used in......(1) Survey research
(2) Historical research (3) Experimental research ( 4) Descriptive research
84.
Which of the following are the basic rules of
APA style of referencing format? (a) Italicize titles of shorter works such as
journal articles or essays (b) Invert authors’ names (last name first) (c)
Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals (d) Alphabetically
index reference list Select the correct answer from the codes given below: (1)
(a) and (b) (2) (b), (c) and (d) (3) (c) and (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
85.
A good
thesis writing should involve (a) reduction of punctuation and grammatical
errors to a minimum (b) careful checking of references (c) consistency in the
way the thesis is written (d) a clear and well written abstract (1) (a), (b), (c) and (d) (2) (a), (b) and (c) (3) (a),
(b) and (d) (4) (b), (c) and (d)
86.
The
frequency distribution of a research data which is symmetrical in shape similar
to a normal distribution but center peak is much higher is called (1) Skewed (2) Mesokurtic (3) Leptokurtic (4) Platykurtic
