Steps of Research

 

 

 

Steps of Research.

Chapter I: Introduction

1.1 Rationale of the Study:

What is our research problem?

Why is that problem important?

1.2 Review Related Literature:

Related research studies conducted in the past (Review of related research literature/ studies)—theme-wise, or variable-wise, or research objective wise, etc.

1.3 Research Questions:

What is study and what relation between variables 

A research question is a question that a study or research project aims to answer. This question often addresses an issue or a problem, which, through analysis and interpretation of data, is answered in the study's Conclusion

1.4 Statement of the problem:

A statement of the problem is used in research work as a claim that outlines the problem addressed by a study.

1.5 Objectives of the study:

We have to write the whole objective of our research step by step.

1.6 Hypothesis of the study (if needed)

Formulate a research problem the first step in research is formulating a research problem, at this step, our goal should be clear that what we intend to achieve out of research.

1.7 Limitations of the Study (if needed)

The limitations of a study are its flaws or shortcomings which could be the result of unavailability of resources, small sample size, flawed methodology, etc

 

1.8 Operational Definitions of the Key Terms: We have to define the key terms.

Chapter II: Methodology

Conceptualizing a research design/ Development of a Research design,

What methodology is adopted for the research (clearly mention research paradigm, research approach, research design) – case study/ survey/ historical/ philosophical/ phenomenological, etc

2.1 Population and sample:

Population: Categorically define geographic, demographic, physical, social and other aspects. Sample: Sampling Method followed to collect data (nature, rationale, size)

2.2Tools and Techniques

Tools-quantitative, and Techniques-qualitative. Adapted or developed (in relation to the objectives of the study). Aspects included in the questionnaire/interview schedule/observation schedule/rating scale should be mentioned. Reliability and validity (statistical proof, if quantitative)

2.3 Procedure of data collection:

a. Constructing an instrument for data collection

Construction of an instrument for research total depends upon how we are going to collect data and various method around it. All that is needed is what sort of information is required for the qualitative and quantitative study. This first practical step in research study also requires some validation and reliability for research instrument we have constructed.

b. Selecting a sampling design

Sampling design selection is another crucial step in the research process, the research result will largely depend on the category of sampling design we have chosen for your research study.

The three categories of sampling design random/probability sampling designs, non-random/non-probability sampling designs and ‘mixed’ sampling design will affect our strategies and we must be able to select most appropriate for our study by considering the strength and weaknesses of each along with their use case.

Steps followed for collecting data (including historical/ longitudinal/ piloting, with datelines). Process of experimentation, testing and method used to observe and/or measure the corresponding changes in intervention and the dependent variables. A brief description of when and how the instruments and objects used for conducting the research were administered and Under what conditions.

 Chapter III: Analysis and Interpretation of Data

•Proposed methodology followed to tabulate/collate collected data.

•Statistical and other qualitative techniques (if any) applied for data analysis to be mentioned.

•The data to be interpreted in relation to the stipulated objectives (and hypotheses, if any).

•Conclusion to be drawn and noted.

•Present collated tables as far as possible; use histograms/diagrams to represent findings more clearly.

Statistical technique to be used:

Chapter IV: Summary and Conclusion

Main findings, objective-wise if possible. The results obtained in the data analysis to be discussed in relation to the reviewed related research studies; Discuss if results obtained support/contradict previous research findings. Exact implications for theory, policy and practices to be drawn. What contribution it makes to scientific theories or interpretations. (if any) Suggestions for further research .

 

References:

Give only the references quoted inside the text/thesis (such as books, journals, websites, policy documents, etc). Latest APA (American Psychological Association) style to be followed.

Appendices:  All respective documents which used for data collections and other works.