Professional, Technical and Skill Based education.

 

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NET: PAPER 1

Higher Education System

 

Professional, Technical and Skill Based education.

 

Professional education

It is a formalized approach to specialized training in a professional school through which participants acquire content knowledge and learn to apply techniques. Although content is what the participant is expected to learn by attending professional school, such an education also helps the participant acquire the competencies needed for proper practice and behavior. Some common goals of professional education include incorporating the knowledge and values basic to a professional discipline; understanding the central concepts, principles, and techniques applied in practice; attaining a level of competence necessary for responsible entry into professional practice; and accepting responsibility for the continued development of competence.

Technical education

Technical education refers to the academic and vocational preparation of students for jobs involving applied science and modern technology. It has as its objectives the preparation of graduates for occupations that are classed above the skilled crafts but below the scientific or engineering professions.

 

Skill development

It is key feature in every individual’s life if he/she want to be employed. Every country needs individuals with higher level of skills and educational qualification.

The skill development ecosystem in India is complex, large and diverse, providing varied levels of skills across an extremely heterogeneous population. Skill development in India can be broadly segmented into Education and Vocational Training.

Processes:

Elementary, secondary and higher education is governed by the Ministry of Human Resource Development. University and Higher Education caters to all college education (Arts, Science, Commerce, etc.), while engineering education, polytechnics, etc. fall under Technical Education. University Grants Commission (UGC) is the nodal body governing funds, grants and setting standards for teaching, examination and research in Universities, and the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is the regulatory body for Technical Education in India. At the central level, the nodal institution for vocational training is the Director General of Employment & Training (DGET) under the Ministry of Labor and Employment. The DGET is responsible for formulating policies, establishing standards, granting affiliation, trade testing and certification, and matters connected to vocational training and providing employment services. The National Skill Development Council (NSDC) now a part of the newly created Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship – was initially set up under the Ministry of Finance to provide viability gap funding and promote private skill initiatives.

 

 

 

 

 

Functions:

 

Some important points:

1.    National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT) was set up in 1956.

2.    The State Council for Vocational Training (SCVT) at the state levels and the sub committees have been established to assist the National Council.

3.    The Quality Council of India (QCI) was set up jointly by Government of India and the Indian industry as an autonomous body to establish a national accreditation structure in the field of education, healthcare, environment protection, governance, social sectors, infrastructure, vocational training and other areas that have significant bearing in improving the quality of life.

4.    The DGET which governs Industrial Training Institutions (ITIs) has recently been aligned with Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. There are more than 10,000 ITIs with a capacity of approximately 1.5 million seats.

5.    The National Skill Development Corporation India (NSDC) is a public private partnership organization (now under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship) that was incorporated in 2009 under the National Skill Policy.

6.    National Skill Development Agency (NSDA) is an autonomous body under Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.

7.    The National Policy on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015 laid out Skill India Mission, and envisaged the creation of Sector Skill Councils (SSCs) by NSDC.

 

The National Skills Qualification Framework

The policy framework governing the skill development ecosystem in India includes the Apprentices Act, 1961, the National Skill Policy and the National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF).

The National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF), notified on 27th December 2013, is a competency-based framework that organizes all qualifications according to a series of levels of knowledge, skills and aptitude. Presently, more than 100 countries have, or are in the process of developing national qualification frameworks. Under NSQF, the learner can acquire the certification for competency needed at any level through formal, non-formal or informal learning. The NSQF is anchored at the National Skill Development Agency (NSDA) and is being implemented through the National Skills Qualifications Committee (NSQC) which comprises of all key stakeholders. The NSQF provides for a five-year implementation schedule and at the end of the fifth year (2018), it shall be mandatory for all training/educational programmes/courses to be NSQF compliant, and all training and educational institutions shall define eligibility criteria for admission to various courses in terms of NSQF levels.